Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating

This paper presents the findings and conclusions from an inventory of network configurations implemented in several early projects concerning low-temperature district heating systems both existing new networks. The main are presented for each configuration group, including layouts, typical temperature levels installation examples, together with advantages disadvantages configuration. In assessment, a classification system comprising six different groups was identified heat distribution. Together eight variants within three these groups, fourteen possible were heating. feature became choice between cold or warm distribution, while suitability depends on temperatures available sources.